Diabetes occurs when the level of your blood sugar, also called blood sugar, is too high. This can happen when your body does not produce enough insulin or the insulin it produces is not effective or when the body does not produce any insulin at all. While diabetes is a chronic condition that can have serious health consequences, doctors say the further worrying fact is that there seems to be an increase in cases of diabetes, even in children. Dr Sajili Mehta, Senior Consultant in Pediatric Endocrinology, Surya Mother and Child Super Specialty Hospital, Pune, says: “According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 77 million people above the age of 18 suffer from diabetes of type 2. and nearly 25 million people at higher risk of developing diabetes in the near future in India. She adds that not only adults, but also children suffer from diabetes, and unfortunately lately there seems to be an increase in the number of children with diabetes.
High blood sugar: what causes diabetes in children?
Dr. Sajili Mehta explains that the causes of diabetes in children can vary depending on the type of diabetes they have. The two main types of diabetes in children are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. “Type 1 diabetes, also called insulin-dependent diabetes, is a persistent disease. This disorder is characterized by insufficient production or zero insulin from the pancreas, a vital hormone to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells and produce energy the exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not known, it is thought to involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.”
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Speaking of type 2 diabetes, she says, “Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by insulin resistance. This is usually associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity. , physical inactivity and poor diet In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of children developing type 2 diabetes, mainly due to the increase in childhood obesity.
Symptoms of Diabetes in Children
Symptoms of diabetes in children can be similar to those in adults, but sometimes they can differ, says Dr. Mehta. Common symptoms include:
1. Frequent Urination
2. Excessive thirst
3. Weight loss (despite increased appetite)
4. Tiredness or Fatigue
5. Slow-healing wounds or frequent infections
6. Irritability or mood swings
Managing Diabetes in Children
Managing diabetes in children requires a comprehensive approach involving lifestyle changes, medications, and regular medical care. Dr. Mehta shares some key aspects of managing diabetes in children:
• Regular blood sugar monitoring
• Healthy eating
• Physical activity
Diabetes Management: Challenges Facing Children and Families
Dr. Mehta points out that the young age of children can make managing this chronic condition particularly challenging. Some challenges associated with managing diabetes in children, according to the doctor, include:
Pain and discomfort: Frequent finger pricks can cause discomfort and pain in children, especially if they have sensitive skin or fear needles. This can lead to anxiety or resistance to blood sugar testing.
Emotional and psychological impact: Living with diabetes can be emotionally taxing for children and their families. Regular blood sugar monitoring can sometimes lead to emotional distress, especially in young children who may not fully understand the reasons for the test. It is important to provide emotional support, reassurance and positive reinforcement during the process.
School and social environment: Children with diabetes may face unique challenges in school and social environments. It is important to educate teachers, caregivers and peers about the condition and how to respond to emergencies.
Also read: Diabetes – 5 best teas for people with high blood sugar
High Blood Sugar in Children: Do’s and Don’ts
Dr. Sajili Mehta mentions the dos and don’ts of managing diabetes in children:
To do :
– Encourage a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet.
– Promote self-care skills as the child grows, such as blood sugar monitoring and insulin administration.
Not to do :
– Don’t ignore or neglect the importance of regular medical examinations and follow-ups.
– Don’t let diabetes restrict a child’s activities or limit their aspirations.